The wings of insects are stiffed by veins
The arrangement of these veins is characteristic for
any insect. Therefore, it is possible to discriminate races by measurements at
the veins.
In
the front wing of the bees is the long radial cell R. Underneath the radial
cell are three cubital cells called C1, C2 and C3.
Underneath the cubital cell C2, C3 is the discoidal cell D.
is measured in the cubital cell C3. It is the
most important racial characteristic with bees. The lower limitation of the 3rd
cubital cell is divided into two sections (a and b) by the right limitation of
the discoidal cell.
The Cubitalindex
is the relation from a / b.
A
criterion for the judgement is the mean value of the Cubitalindex.
Besides, in addition, the smallest
and the biggest value are given in clips:
Mean value = 2,98 (1,8 – 4,2)
One gets a more exact statement if (defined by
RUTTNER) the Cubitalindex of the tested animals is distributed into classes,
and is shown in a curve number of bees per class.
Flügel-Index computes the classes with one digit
after the comma.
The value behind the comma indicates the position within the class - 0
means the index is near to the lower class and 9 means the index is near
to the next class.
is also measured at
the 3rd Cubital cell.
The Hantelindex
is the relation from c / d.
A
criterion for the judgement is the mean value of the Hantelindex. Besides, in
addition, the smallest and the biggest value are given in clips:
Mean value = 0,94 (0,8 – 1,2)
A more exact statement you get if (defined by KRUBER) the Hantelindex of
the tested animals is distributed into classes and is shown in a curve number
of bees per class.
Flügel-Index computes the classes with
one digit after the comma.
The
value behind the comma indicates the position within the class - 0 means
the index is near to the lower class and 9 means the index is near to
the next class.
With the measurement of the Discoidalshift a length and not the relation of two lengths is measured.
Therefore,
only with the scanner dissolution which is given under Options - Measurement
(1200 or 2400dpi) a correct measurement is possible.
For
the measurement of the Discoidalshift a line is drawn along the radial cell. In
an angle of 90 ° a second line which goes through the point H is drawn.
The Discoidalshift is the distance from the point Di to the second line
in 1/20 mm.
There are positive and negative values. A positive
value appears if the point Di lies in direction to the wingtip.
The Discoidalshift is a strong distinctive mark
between the Mellifera and the other European bee's races. The Discoidalshift of
Mellifera bees is negative - the Discoidalshift of the other bee's is positive.
For the
measurement of the Discoidalshift a measuring spider was given by KRUBER which
causes a correction of the measured values with workers and drones. Flügel-Index corrects the measured values
according to this measuring spider.
In
some countries the Discoidalshift instead of the hair length is used to
distinct the Mellifera from the other European bee's races.
A possibility of clear representation of the
relations is a diagram showing the Cubitalindex and the Discoidalshift.
For each of the bees is a point in the diagram
which represents both
The points of the
Mellifera are placed left down and the points of the
other European bee's races right up.
With the frequently applied representation of a
correlation of two values, one value (e. g. x) is applied in horizontal
direction and the other value (e. g. y) in vertical direction.
The left picture
shows a perfect correlation – y is exact twice x (e.g., x = 2 and y = 4)
and the correlation points in the diagram are on the blue line.
In the nature only an imperfect correlation is possible (middle picture)
- y is about twice x and the correlation points in the diagram are near
the blue line.
In the right picture x and y are not correlated - the
points are somewhere in the diagram.
Correlation of Hantelindex and
Discoidalshift
KRUBER
found out that the Hantelindex and the Discoidalshift of thoroughbred bees are
correlated.
This
occurs at all races and he defined
"trust areas" for the different races.
The trust area of the Mellifera lies at lower values, the trust area of
Carnica and Ligustica at higher values of Hantelindex and Discoidalshift.
The trust area for workers is approximately symmetrical to the line of the perfect correlation. The trust area for drones is a little upwards.
Flügel-Index uses depending on
the examination of workers or drones the appropriate trust area.